Past's book is shaped by personal engagement with the films she discusses, encounters with the films' production crews, and trips to Italy. Each chapter opens with situated stories of the interviews she conducted as part of her research, marked in italics. This approach is integral to the book's argument, as Past's goal is to "trace some of the impressions Italian film productions have left on the world, while also documenting part of the process of doing this research."2 In other words, Past's ecocritical analysis of Italian cinema must include her own embodied role as a researcher examining [End Page 219] the relationship between locations, films, human and nonhuman actors, and crew members. This framework explains the book's structure as well as the lyrical style of Past's prose, which makes the book a joy to read but, conversely, is sometimes more impressionistic than analytical. The introduction to the first chapter, detailing the author's interview with Michelangelo Antonioni's assistant director Carlo Di Carlo, provides an example of how the author's physical presence shapes her writing. Past writes, "Like the places it captures on celluloid, the film is a product of an energy-intensive industry. Di Carlo's trip to the set to study the film, and my visit to Di Carlo to learn from him, add further layers to the film's hydrocarbon legacy."3 Statements like this are frequent throughout the book, though rarely leading to more in-depth analysis.
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In Past's view, Italian cinema lends itself particularly well to ecocritical investigation thanks to the peculiarities of the Italian territory. In Italy, Past argues, "closely interwoven human and nonhuman spaces have created a legacy of cohabitation, both constructive and destructive," such that while "walking slowly in Italy, you can find many reasons to scoff at the idea of a world where human and more-than-human matters are decoupled."4 Even though Past clearly states that ecocriticism "is an interpretive approach, not a genre," the five films that she chooses as her case studies are particularly apt examples of the interconnectedness between cinema, environment, and human and nonhuman forces at the levels of both narrative and style.5 Past identifies these films' frequent use of nonprofessional actors, long takes, handheld cameras, and long shots as markers of their intense relationship to the places where they were made: in so doing, she gives an ecocritical spin to long-standing theories of cinematic realism, thus showing the potential of subverting the hierarchy between humans, nonhuman actors, and spaces.
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